Arturo Almazán Cantoral
In the first half of the Middle Ages the kings of Germanic origin were the primary authority and more power and political influence in his kingdom, they were in charge of giving titles of nobility to families of good stock and the men who stood out for their actions. But over time these kings were giving land ownership to his subjects, dividing the kingdom into principalities, counties and duchies, thus the feudal lords were making more owned land, most means of production and servants, over time these feudal lords were not dependent on a higher authority other than the Church and that's how the Kings were losing their power and political influence to pass a background as authority . The feudal lords were the owners of wealth, which together accounted for and controlled without reverse-labor in general and now the wars were not just between realms but also between fiefs were given for control over land, forests and swamps. As the feudal lord owns most of the means of production and transportation, it was he who most enriched as rents or fees charged for using roads, mills, horses, houses and other tools.
For the first millennium after Christ all had owned farmland, the population growth continued to rise in the Roman Germanic kingdoms of the west and had a great need for luxurious products at the best price East [1] therefore were the feudal lords and the Catholic Church that led the holy land expansion [2] under the justification of recovering the territories which belonged to its Christian heritage, these calls were Crusades against the infidel Muslims, which developed during the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. In these wars among the neediest came beneficiaries were the Venetian merchants and then the Genoese, and they were responsible for renting their boats to transport troops and supplies, and that at the end of the war were those businessmen who were responsible for direct trade Eastern products.
These businessmen were a social class that had been on the rise across Europe, this was the so-called bourgeoisie, which resided in cities and towns and from there directed the production of manufacturing and labor unions, was a stratum society through business and trade and usury became rich quickly, but not specifically enriched land [3] , precious metals, but the feudal lords to pay these sailors that transported by sea to the Middle East, coupled with the metal coined receiving in exchange for trade goods and predatory abuse. Was in fact the bourgeoisie that changed the structure of Western society as it was she who supported financially impoverished kings of the time to regain its former absolute power, yes, in exchange for up to the noble class. So the bourgeoisie was rising in the social hierarchy, introduced in the king's court and was running slowly with the limitations imposed on him the feudal system to develop full business and trade.
During the fourteenth and fifteenth century the kings regained their absolute power to the detriment of the power of feudal lords, which again were subject to royal power, yet all these noble lords felt the competition of the new bourgeois nobility rose rapidly political positions. As we can see the Middle Ages is characterized by the pursuit of social advancement, the clerics sought holiness through the influence and piety, feudal lords by the accumulation of wealth, nobility in general for the acquisition of additional titles nobility, the knights of the honor and worth, the servants by way of work effort and performance in the war, but in the end was the bourgeoisie that more amount in the social strata, and that thanks to scientific and economic development. In short it may be noted that during the Middle Ages is a constant competition between social classes and yet it is ironic that only royalty was the only authority capable of allowing social mobility, while its power, influence and hierarchy were never questioned, either be seen as divine beings and privileged or too powerful to mess with them [4] .
As can be seen along this historical review, human beings have gone through similar processes over time processes in which there have been rearrangements in structures of society, clashes and racial mixing, supremacy of imperial power, social ills and inequalities, armed uprisings, revolutions, ideological, power absolute monarchies or dynasties, empires decline, emergence of new cultures and new wars over territorial control and the richness that this brings. That is history, a constant restructuring in which human beings developed, constant change is gradual but reaching explode with great energy in a specific fact, the story is a cultural clash of opposites of what emerges a new culture, is the syncretism that has occurred over time, is the enrichment of knowledge, is the change of cultural horizons and especially the course of human actions over time. Now located
what happened from Hispania to New Spain, as Hispania is the name that the Carthaginians or Phoenicians used to designate the Iberian peninsula and later the Romans used to call this province of his empire. For the Romans conquer Spain went great sorrow, it took two centuries to subdue the inhabitants of this peninsula, as this territory if there was a great cultural diversity and a fierce spirit of its inhabitants. It was here that the Celtic tribes mingled with the Iberians to form a new race, the war Celtiberians who settled in the central area of \u200b\u200bHispania, but this was not the only belligerent culture of the peninsula, further north there were indigenous tribes who had inhabited the region since prehistoric times, these tribes were those of Basques, Asturian and Cantabrian, these tribes were the most strongly resisted Roman rule and although they were subject were never completely eliminated. Moreover, the southern peninsula was also inhabited by another warrior people who had migrated from the east, the Carthaginians of Phoenician origin, which came close to defeating the Romans during the Punic Wars [5] .
Hispania was how it was inhabited by indigenous tribes such as the Basques, Asturian, Cantabrian and Celtiberians, as well as foreign nations such as the Carthaginians and Romans. All these cultures coexisted and developed in a concurrent period, however no shortage of armed conflicts, of which the Romans would be victorious eventually after much effort and pain. But these are not the only people that go down the current English, early V century Germanic invasions came to Spain, first crossed the Pyrenees, the Swabians, Vandals and Alans, who were distributed in the Iberian Peninsula, then Visigoths "Germans also-pact with the Romans to expel these tribes in exchange for land in Hispania, was well conceived as the Visigoths and Visigothic kingdom in what is now mid-century English V and lasted until the early eighth century .
[1] West getting the luxury oriental products through intermediaries Byzantines and Arabs, so for the year 1000 aims to create new shipping routes and means of transport to trade directly with the East.
[2] The Holy Land is the geographic territory that includes all sites which were developed in both biblical scenes the Old and New Testament. These territories would now Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Egypt and Greece.
[3] Keep in mind that most of the Middle Ages the main asset was land ownership, but after the Crusades the wealth was based on precious metals and exchange of these, these are studs and the principles of mercantilism.
[4] Indeed XV to XVIII century is the period of absolute monarchies in Europe, when it was thought that kings were divine and could even get to cure ills with just one touch; were times when nobody dared to question decisions and authority of the king. But the revolutions against the royals did not wait for some progressive regions such as England and France, the first was beheaded King Charles I in 1649 for wanting to act without consent of parliament and the second was the French Revolution 1792, these were revolutions that changed the conception of Europeans as the absolute power of kings.
[5] Wars that took place between 246 and 146 BC and where the Carthaginians defeated in major battles in Italy to the extent that they were about to take the city of Rome.
0 comments:
Post a Comment