Rome's case is exceptional because of the flourishing cultural and knowledge that led to all around the Mediterranean, founded according to tradition in 753 BC began to be governed, like Greece a monarchy which was overthrown conflict of dynasty in the year 509 BC Thus, imitating the Greeks established a democratic system of government called the Republic, in which what is now the executive branch fell on two consuls, but not only that, also they were the year who led the armies in the war. Each year the Romans made new gains and thus they were expanding their control over all around the Mediterranean, defeated the Carthaginians in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, ended the Macedonian hegemony and the Hellenistic kingdoms in the east and passed over the remains of the weakened Greece, engaged and retreated a Celtic or Gallic tribes, savagely repressed astures and Basques of northern Spain and now in current times of the Roman Empire Germanic tribes to redeploy and remain at bay, finally conquered the Persian Sassanid Empire and thus acquire the largest territorial times, then break off and go into decline.
At the time of the Roman republic's political power struggle between patricians and plebeians was characteristic of this period. Commoners to acquire Roman citizenship began to increase in number and gradually sought to expand their political rights and promotion to government positions, which they accomplished in the last part of the Republican period, but the social ascent did not stop the conflict between the two classes are reflected in the senate and the tribune. That was how the Roman bureaucracy was increasingly fragmented, and each faction is inclined to support the more general it suited their interests. Thus began the military struggles within the Roman territories and thus the power was concentrated in the main figures in the war, formed the first triumvirate led by Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus. These three consuls
battled each other and divided the empire according to their areas of influence, was a bloody war between the Romans which will emerge victorious Caesar's nephew, Augustus el cual unificaría los territorios para dar paso al Imperio. Es durante estos años del triunvirato que se desarrollan varias revueltas civiles debido al malestar social, pero una muy relevante es la del 73 al 71 a.C. conocida como la Tercera Guerra Servil o la Guerra de Espartaco, un esclavo gladiador que arto de la represión y el mal trato se rebeló a sus amos y organizo a 70 gladiadores para escapar por las armas y adquirir la libertad, sin embargo este reducido grupo pronto aumento a una banda de 120 mil hombres, mujeres y niños, los cuales deambularon por la península itálica, asaltando y saqueando las poblaciones a su paso; según la historiográfica romana, se piensa que estos esclavos buscaban huir para adquirir su libertad or maybe they wanted to conquer the city of Rome, however, after several victories against the Roman legions, were crushed by 8 legions under the command of Licinius Crassus.
Although this slave revolt failed in its mission, these events are a milestone that marked the history of Rome and exemplify the social discontent of the slaves because of their deplorable living conditions and how this denigration of his person exploded at a time historical conditions permitted. Spartacus was crucified along with many more slaves, this punishment was the most painful and repentant the moment and served to set an example and instilling fear among the rest of society. But the gladiator Spartacus was not the only relevant crucified in history, we have the case of Christ, a character who transcended so that changing the mentality and structure of Mediterranean society.
In the Roman territories was a great freedom of non-Roman religious cults, which were permitted provided they do not affect the administration, legislation and state government. This is the case with the Jews, who even practiced their religious rites were never very well regarded by the Romans, as businessmen refused or refused to pay taxes and submit totally to the Roman yoke. Despite these differences both cultures coexisted with some scratches and Judea eventually happened to be another Roman province. It was there Christ in the year 30 or so began to make their prophecies about the return of the king of the Jews among his followers and expand the ideas of love for others and solidarity within the community. Soon these ideas were too radical for the Jews themselves, who could not accept that there is the possibility of the arrival of the son of God, as this worldview rooted deviated from its monotheism.
was why the Jews themselves were responsible for crucifying Jesus placate and martyred, not realizing that martyrdom would be the engine of a new religion that would spread throughout the eastern part of the empire. Since the death of Christ, the Jews began make persecutions against Christians to end their existence and the bitter hatred was passed to the Romans, who realized the danger they were before this new religious movement derived from Judaism. At first learned Jews and imprisoning Christians, but it was the Romans who strengthened repressive measures against them.
During the first years of the Empire began to place statues of the Emperors in various provincial towns, in fact I usually worship or kneel in front of these statues, as it related to the figure of Emperor of the gods. This was a practice that devout Christians refused to perform because that their beliefs were based in one God and his son as lord of the land, why could not accept that another man was revered as God on earth. So the Romans began to conduct a census in which the population was forced to kneel before the statue of the Emperor and declare loyalty, thereby discovering the Christians, who refused to perform this act because his faith in Christ they are allowed.
These Christians preferred martyrdom to betray their faith with empty words, and in fact, martyrdom was the most effective tool for the Christian resistance, since non-Christians were impressed by these acts of faith and will therefore begin to doubt about the true religion and often ended up converting to Christianity. That was how Christianity spread rapidly as a wave from the east, but not before going through several persecutions by the Emperor. The first of these was made by Nero in 64 to 68, then Domitian from 81 to 96, which was crucified and banished many Christians for not renouncing his religion. Trajan persecution ordered 109 to 111, after the heavily repressed Septimius Severus 202 to 210, we know that every day many martyrs were burned, tortured and beheaded, pursued in North Africa and Egypt, as well as driven out of cities like Rome , Cartago, Corinth and Alexandria, because the Roman Church took great influence and power, and hatred of Christians was spreading to the Roman society in general.
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